The effects of self-efficacy on computer usage

This paper examines the effect of self-efficacy, belief in one's capabilities of using a computer in the accomplishment of specific tasks, on computer usage. It introduces an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that explicitly incorporates self-efficacy and its determinants (experience and organizational support) as factors affecting computer anxiety, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and the use of computer technology. A survey of 450 microcomputer users in Finland found strong support for the conceptual model. In accordance with TAM, perceived usefulness had a strong direct effect on usage, while perceived ease of use had indirect effect on usage through perceived usefulness. Self-efficacy had both direct and indirect effects on usage, demonstrating its importance in the decision to use computer technology. It also had a strong direct effect on perceived ease of use, but only an indirect effect on perceived usefulness through perceived ease of use. Computer experience was found to have a strong positive direct effect on self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and usage. Organizational support and computer anxiety had only indirect effects on usage, mainly through perceived usefulness. Implications of these findings are discussed for researchers and practitioners.     

国际私法上意思自治与国际贸易惯例

根据国际私法的传统理论,当事人选择的准据法只能是国内法.但随着国际经济贸易交往的日益发展,国际贸易惯例的作用越来越大.作为非国内法的国际贸易惯例能否成为当事人选择的准据法,便成为国际私法学界争论的焦点.文章在解析国际贸易惯例的基础上,对当事人是否可以选择国际贸易惯例作为准据法,从国际私法理论的发展及国际贸易惯例的完善两方面进行了论证,并以各国的实践为佐证,分析了国际贸易惯例可以作为当事人选择的准据法的可行性.     

"把"字句的原型用法

"把"字句可以表达多种意义,但统计数字表明表示位移是其原型用法.原型用法与其他用法之间存在着内在联系,因此,外国学生可在习得原型用法之后靠同化来习得其他用法."表位移"是"把"字句教学的切入点和重点.     

The Use of Telematics Devices to Improve Automobile Insurance Rates

Most automobile insurance databases contain a large number of policyholders with zero claims. This high frequency of zeros may reflect the fact that some insureds make little use of their vehicle, or that they do not wish to make a claim for small accidents in order to avoid an increase in their premium, but it might also be because of good driving. We analyze information on exposure to risk and driving habits using telematics data from a pay‐as‐you‐drive sample of insureds. We include distance traveled per year as part of an offset in a zero‐inflated Poisson model to predict the excess of zeros. We show the existence of a learning effect for large values of distance traveled, so that longer driving should result in higher premiums, but there should be a discount for drivers who accumulate longer distances over time due to the increased proportion of zero claims. We confirm that speed limit violations and driving in urban areas increase the expected number of accident claims. We discuss how telematics information can be used to design better insurance and to improve traffic safety.     

安徽省农村居民抗菌药物使用分析

目的：探讨农村居民抗菌药物使用知识（knowledge）、态度（attitude）与行为（practice）现状并分析其影响因素,为有针对性地干预农村地区抗菌药物不合理使用提供指导。方法：多阶段分层整群抽取安徽省农村地区2 047名居民进行问卷调查,采用描述性统计、方差分析和回归分析方法进行统计学处理。结果：农村居民对抗菌药物相关知识总知晓率为20.56%,使用态度整体正确率22.97%,使用行为整体正确率78.67%;抗菌药物使用行为的主要影响因素是知识得分,且呈负相关。结论：农村居民对抗菌药物使用知识掌握不全面、态度欠佳,且存在知识、态度和行为不一致的现象。     

Statistical considerations associated with a comprehensive regulatory framework to address the unmet need for new antibacterial therapies

At present, there are situations in antibiotic drug development where the low number of enrollable patients with key problem pathogens makes it impossible to conduct fully powered non‐inferiority trials in the traditional way. Recent regulatory changes have begun to address this situation. In parallel, statistical issues regarding the application of alternative techniques, balancing the unmet need with the level of certainty in the approval process, and the use of additional sources of data are critical areas to increase development feasibility. Although such approaches increase uncertainty compared with a traditional development program, this will be necessary to allow new agents to be made available. Identification of these risks and explicit discussion around requirements in these areas should help clarify the situation, and hence, the feasibility of developing drugs to treat the most concerning pathogens before the unmet need becomes even more acute than at present. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“何以……为”类习惯说法的来源及其异同

“何以……为”类说法曾因所用虚词用法被误解而发生过结构的变异,由“宾·介·宾·动”式变异为“状·动·宾·语气词”式。变异前后表示的意思大致接近,但有区别。“奚以……为”、“何以为”“奚以为”等是由变异前的“何以……为”通过虚词替换或成分省略而形成的。,“恶用……为”、“安以……为”“何……为”等则是由变异后的“何以……为”通过虚词替换或成分省略而形成的。所以“何以……为”类习惯说法其来源及结构并不完全相同,不可一概而论。     

北京高校毕业生求职的资源动员行为分析

本文依据北京高校毕业生的实证调研数据,分析了大学生求职资源动员行为的结构与特征。研究发现:动员校内资源是中国大学生重要的求职行为;在所属高校层级、自身校内资源和生源地等指标上,不同毕业生群体的资源动员行为存在显著性差异。     

陕北绥德方言的疑问代词

对陕北绥德方言疑问代词进行较为详细的描写和说明。在说明分析中,一方面通过与周围晋语及西北方言作横向比较,显其异同;另一方面对其中一些用法及现象追本溯源,明其来源及发展变化。     

论“○”与“0”的起源、演变及功能

"○"与"0"是两个不同的数字符号。关于它们的起源与演变、功能与用途以及用法差异等学术界存在着分歧。"○"是一种汉字,它的起源地在中国;"0"是印度数码,最先由印度人创造。虽然"○"与"0"在符号的创造上是极其相似的,但它们仍然是泾渭分明的两个数字符号,不能等同与混淆。